Every US fuel relationship we could source, drawn as one sheet. Twelve of the 28 known relationships run through the Department of Energy, which buys HALEU from Centrus and allocates it back out to fabricators and developers. Hover or tab any company to trace its chain.
DOE buys HALEU from Centrus, allocates it back out to fabricators and developers, and separately pays four enrichers to build capacity.
No conversion-to-enrichment customer links are public, because conversion volumes sell under confidential long-term term contracts, so this stage shows who can convert and at what scale rather than who supplies whom.
ConverDyn is the exclusive marketing and sales agent for all UF6 produced at Metropolis Works, so a buyer seeking US conversion contracts approaches ConverDyn even though Solstice owns the plant.
The only commercial uranium conversion plant in the United States, idled in 2017, restarted July 2023, and spun out of Honeywell as Solstice Advanced Materials in late 2025, with 2026 output projected above 10,000 tonnes UF6.
source 1 source 2A Honeywell and General Atomics joint venture that acts as the exclusive marketing and sales agent for all UF6 produced at Metropolis Works, so it is the commercial counterparty a buyer signs with, not a plant owner.
source 1 source 2GLE is a joint venture of Silex and Cameco, which is the only public link tying Cameco's conversion business to any enrichment asset on this map. Ownership, not a supply relationship.
The only commercial conversion operation in Canada and the main non-Russian alternative to Metropolis for Western utilities, and separately a 49 percent owner of Westinghouse alongside Brookfield (the Westinghouse stake is prior knowledge, not re-verified in this pass, and is deliberately not drawn as an edge).
source 1 source 2Commercial enrichment relationships are only now becoming public, and every enrichment-to-customer edge on this map was signed in the last eighteen months, with HALEU supply still concentrated in DOE contracts rather than open commercial trade.
Centrus produces HALEU at Piketon and delivers it to DOE, not to reactor developers, completing the final 900 kg of its demonstration contract in mid-June 2026 and signing a $900 million follow-on to deliver one tonne by March 2032. This is the edge that makes DOE the hub.
Supplies Oklo HALEU LOI/MOU, reported sourceA NON-BINDING letter of intent for Piketon HALEU to power up to five Aurora powerhouses at Oklo's Ohio campus with deliveries from 2029, possibly including prepayments, and still subject to a future definitive agreement, so it is an intention and not a signed supply contract.
The only company currently producing HALEU in the US, having completed the final 900 kg required under its DOE demonstration contract in mid-June 2026, and on 30 June 2026 it signed a $900 million firm fixed price DOE contract to deliver one tonne of 19.75 percent HALEU UF6 by March 2032.
source 1 source 2Signed multi-year HALEU supply agreement announced 22 May 2026, served from Urenco's Capenhurst UK HALEU facility due online in 2031. Urenco called it the world's first multi-year contract for the supply of HALEU, which makes this the single most significant commercial edge on the map.
Supplies Aalo Atomics LEU contract, verified sourceLEU supply contracted in July 2025 with delivery expected late 2025 or early 2026, which Aalo characterized as the first contract by a US reactor company for commercial delivery of enriched uranium.
Listed at group level because its two commercial edges come from different plants: Eunice is the only operating commercial enrichment plant in the US and is adding 2.1 million SWU from 2029, while the Antares HALEU contract will be served from Capenhurst in the UK, where HALEU capacity is due online in 2031.
source 1 source 2Multi-stage: it runs conversion at Malvesi and Tricastin plus Georges Besse II enrichment, and on 6 January 2026 it won a $900 million DOE task order to build new LEU enrichment capacity at Oak Ridge, Tennessee under its $5 billion Project IKE.
source 1 source 2A startup with no operating capacity that won a $900 million ten-year DOE task order on 6 January 2026 to create domestic HALEU enrichment capacity at Paducah, making it the newest credible entrant and the least proven. Has customers but none publicly named: enriched uranium to two allied countries with EXIM financing, announced March 2026.
source 1 source 2A Silex and Cameco venture pursuing SILEX laser enrichment with a $1.76 billion proposed Paducah plant targeting 2030 operations, where NRC issued a draft EIS in March 2026 with a preliminary staff recommendation to grant the license, and it took a comparatively small $28.5 million DOE award.
source 1 source 2Fabrication is the best-documented stage on the map, because fabricators announce named customer contracts to prove capacity, which is why most commercial edges here run from fabrication to developer.
TRISO-X is X-energy's wholly owned fuel subsidiary supplying Xe-100 pebbles, so this is an intra-corporate supply path rather than an arm's-length contract, which is why X-energy is less exposed to third-party fabricator slippage than its peers.
Won the first ever NRC Category II license for a commercial fuel fabrication facility on 13 February 2026, with vertical construction underway in Oak Ridge and a design target near 700,000 TRISO pebbles per year.
source 1 source 2Standard Nuclear fabricated TRISO in Oak Ridge to Radiant's specifications from DOE-allocated HALEU feedstock and delivered it to the INL DOME facility in July 2026, the first commercial TRISO delivery of its kind; Radiant's own release corroborates but was not opened directly in this pass.
A reactor agnostic TRISO supplier built on fuel manufacturing assets acquired from USNC, it was the first company to hold both DOE authorization and physical HALEU for commercial TRISO production and has filed an S-1, so it is private today but in registration.
source 1 source 2GNF fabricates UO2 fuel rods from Aalo's LEU and assembles them for Aalo-X, with rods planned for delivery in early 2026. Paired with the Urenco edge this is the only fully commercial enrichment to fabrication to developer path on the map.
Supplies TerraPower HALEU metallic fuel contract, verified sourceGNF-Americas and TerraPower agreed to build the dedicated Natrium Fuel Facility at the existing Wilmington site, a more than $200 million investment jointly funded by TerraPower and DOE under the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program.
Tied to GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy corporate ownership corporate, verified sourceRECLASSIFIED from inferred supply to corporate ownership: GNF is the GE Vernova-led fuel alliance including Hitachi, so this edge shows common ownership and must NOT be read as a BWRX-300 fuel purchase, which is not publicly contracted.
A GE Vernova and Hitachi joint venture that fabricates BWR fuel at Wilmington, is building the dedicated Natrium Fuel Facility on the same site, and won the Aalo-X fuel rod contract, which makes it the busiest fabricator on this map across three separate reactor programs.
source 1 source 2Framatome is NuScale's fuel assembly supplier under a manufacturing contract dating to 2015, with Richland fabricating US SMR fuel and the partnership expanded in 2026 to add European fabrication for NuScale's European customers.
Supplies Holtec International PWR 17x17 fuel assemblies announced, reported sourceHoltec's own SMR-300 presentation names Framatome as 'Proven Fuel Supplier and Standard Fuel Type' with scope listed as fuel design and licensing support for a standard 17x17 PWR assembly. A firm assembly supply contract with volumes is not separately public, so this is a named supplier relationship rather than a confirmed purchase.
An EDF subsidiary and the incumbent LWR fuel supplier for both NuScale and Holtec, which makes it the default fuel partner for any SMR that chose conventional PWR fuel over HALEU.
source 1 source 2BWXT manufactured the TRISO fuel that took Antares to first criticality under DOE Executive Order 14301, and its own release states it continues to support Antares with ongoing TRISO fuel manufacturing.
Supplies Kairos Power TRISO announced, verified sourceA 3 September 2025 agreement to jointly explore optimizing commercial TRISO production and possibly co-develop a fabrication facility, which is explicitly exploratory and is NOT a fuel supply contract for Hermes 2.
The most production-proven TRISO manufacturer in the US, having delivered the full core for the Army's Project Pele in late 2025 and the fuel behind the first new reactor criticality under the DOE pilot program in 2026, with a dedicated BWXT Advanced Fuels subsidiary stood up in August 2025.
source 1Multi-stage: it runs conversion at Springfields in the UK, LWR fuel fabrication at Columbia SC where a $131 million expansion was due to complete in January 2026, and it is also a reactor developer with the AP1000 and the TRISO-fueled eVinci microreactor, which earned it a first round DOE HALEU allocation.
source 1 source 2A January 2025 MOU to evaluate co-locating a Lightbridge fuel fabrication facility at Oklo's planned plant and to explore recycling collaboration. Exploratory only, with no material committed by either side.
Development stage metallic fuel company with no commercial fabrication capacity and no fuel supply contract, whose only mapped relationship is an exploratory MOU with Oklo, so treat it as a technology option rather than a supplier.
source 1Developers publish fuel arrangements selectively, and a signed fabrication contract is often announced years before any enrichment supply is locked, so a developer with a named fabricator may still have no secured fuel.
Developing four Xe-100 units totaling 320 MWe at Dow's Seadrift site through Long Mott Energy, with a construction permit application submitted to NRC on 31 March 2025, and it is unusual in owning its own fuel fabricator in TRISO-X. Public since its 24 April 2026 IPO at $23 (Nasdaq: XE).
source 1 source 2Building the Hermes demonstration reactors in Oak Ridge and producing its own annular graphite pebbles in-house, with DOE-allocated HALEU and pebble production in partnership with Los Alamos National Laboratory.
source 1 source 2Standard Nuclear agreed to purchase reprocessed uranium and transuranic material from Oklo's planned Oak Ridge recycling facility in a deal reported at $1.68 billion, which runs the fuel chain backwards from a developer into a fabricator.
Multi-stage: besides the Aurora reactor it is building the Aurora Fuel Fabrication Facility at INL, which received DOE nuclear safety design approval in 2025 and will convert recovered EBR-II material into fuel, making Oklo both a developer and a fabricator and recycler.
source 1 source 2The only SMR with NRC-approved design certification in the US, and one of only two developers here whose fuel runs through a conventional LWR fabricator rather than a HALEU or TRISO line.
source 1 source 2Kemmerer 1 has entered nuclear construction and TerraPower took a first round DOE HALEU allocation, with its fuel coming from a purpose-built facility at GNF-Americas rather than any in-house line.
source 1 source 2The BWRX-300 is the furthest along Western SMR in actual construction and it uses conventional LEU BWR fuel, which is why its fuel path is the least constrained of any developer here.
source 1 source 2Pursuing two SMR-300 units at the restarted Palisades site under a $400 million DOE first mover award, using standard 17x17 PWR fuel from Framatome, and it has filed an S-1 so its private status may not hold through 2026.
source 1 source 2Its 1 MWe Kaleidos received fuel at the INL DOME test bed in July 2026 ahead of full-power full-temperature testing, and it is the only two-time DOE HALEU allocation recipient, including a July 2026 award for a unit at Buckley Space Force Base.
source 1 source 2The most fuel-secure new entrant on the map: its Mark-0 reached first criticality under the DOE pilot program in 2026 on BWXT TRISO, it holds a second round DOE HALEU allocation, and in May 2026 it signed what Urenco called the world's first multi-year commercial HALEU supply contract.
source 1 source 2Claims to be the first US reactor company with a contract for commercial delivery of enriched uranium, having signed Urenco for LEU in July 2025 and GNF for fuel rod fabrication, which gives it a fully commercial fuel path with no DOE allocation involved.
source 1 source 2DOE is the counterparty for most HALEU moving in the United States today, through material allocations to reactor developers and fabricators plus multi-billion dollar enrichment capacity task orders, which means the commercial fuel chain has not fully formed yet and the government sits in the middle of it.
First round HALEU allocation announced 10 April 2025, providing material for fuel fabrication at TRISO-X's Oak Ridge facility. DOE received requests from 15 companies and selected five.
Supplies Kairos Power HALEU award, verified sourceFirst round HALEU allocation announced 10 April 2025, to be made into TRISO pebbles for the Hermes low-power demonstration reactor in partnership with Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Supplies Radiant Industries HALEU award, verified sourceRadiant is the only two-time recipient, taking a first round allocation on 10 April 2025 and a third round allocation in July 2026 for a microreactor at Buckley Space Force Base.
Supplies Westinghouse Electric Company HALEU award, verified sourceFirst round HALEU allocation announced 10 April 2025, supporting the TRISO-fueled eVinci microreactor rather than any Westinghouse LWR product line.
Supplies TerraPower HALEU award, verified sourceFirst round HALEU allocation announced 10 April 2025 for the Natrium demonstration, with three of the five first round recipients requiring delivery during 2025.
Supplies Antares Nuclear HALEU award, verified sourceSecond round HALEU allocation, August 2025, alongside Standard Nuclear and Natura Resources.
Supplies Standard Nuclear HALEU award, verified sourceSecond round HALEU allocation, August 2025, with physical feedstock shipped from DOE's Savannah River Site in January 2026, making Standard Nuclear the first company holding both DOE authorization and physical HALEU.
Funds Centrus Energy enrichment capacity (funding) award, verified sourceA $900 million ten-year task order announced 6 January 2026 to create domestic HALEU enrichment capacity at Piketon. This is a capacity award, not a material flow.
Funds General Matter enrichment capacity (funding) award, verified sourceA $900 million ten-year task order announced 6 January 2026 for HALEU enrichment capacity at Paducah, which is the only reason a company with no operating plant belongs on this map.
Funds Orano enrichment capacity (funding) award, verified sourceA $900 million task order announced 6 January 2026 to expand US domestic LEU enrichment capacity at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Note this is LEU, not HALEU, unlike the Centrus and General Matter orders.
Funds Global Laser Enrichment enrichment capacity (funding) award, verified sourceA comparatively small $28 million award announced 6 January 2026 to advance SILEX laser enrichment, an order of magnitude below the three production-scale task orders.
The pivot point of the entire map: DOE both buys HALEU from Centrus and allocates it onward to developers and fabricators across three rounds since April 2025, and it issued $2.7 billion in enrichment capacity task orders in January 2026, so most HALEU in the US moves through government hands rather than a commercial contract.
source 1 source 2Solid, filled head. A signed contract, a government award, or common ownership, verified against a primary document.
Dashed, hollow head. Announced, non-binding, or reported by one outlet. A softer commitment, not just a thinner source.
Dotted, square head. Capacity funding. Money to build a plant, not material moving.
Thin, dotted ends. Corporate ownership. No material flow claimed in either direction.
The sheet above is a state: what the public record says right now. The thing that turns a state into a tool is knowing what changed since you last looked, and whether the change is binding.
Every public US fuel-chain relationship I could source, with the basis and the primary document behind each one, and the gaps written down where a link could not be sourced.
Company newsrooms find the change and SEC filings confirm it. Eight of nine private fuel-chain newsrooms publish releases a machine can read, five by RSS or an open API and three more off a sitemap, so a new edge surfaces the day it is announced. Filings run second because they do not discover: of six Item 1.01 documents read across the cohort, two were commercial agreements and four were financing.
What changed this week, who it moved between, and how firm it is. A filing settles that question where a press release often cannot, so a change the public record will not call stays on the page marked uncalled instead of being rounded up to signed.
If you run fuel supply or corporate development, tell me which change would reach your desk. That answer decides what gets built next.